|
IBM£¬¼´¹ú¼ÊÉÌÒµ»úÆ÷¹«Ë¾£¬1914Äê´´Á¢ÓÚÃÀ¹ú£¬ÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×î´óµÄÐÅÏ¢¹¤Òµ¿ç¹ú¹« ˾£¬Ä¿Ç°ÓµÓÐÈ«Çò¹ÍÔ± 30¶àÍòÈË£¬ÒµÎñ±é¼° 160 ¶à¸ö¹ú¼ÒºÍµØÇø¡£2000Ä꣬IBM¹«Ë¾µÄÈ«ÇòÓªÒµÊÕÈë´ïµ½°Ë°Ù°ËÊ®¶àÒÚÃÀÔª¡£
ÔÚ¹ýÈ¥µÄ°ËÊ®¶àÄêÀÊÀ½ç¾¼Ã²»¶Ï·¢Õ¹£¬ÏÖ´ú¿ÆÑ§ÈÕÐÂÔÂÒ죬IBMʼÖÕÒÔ³¬Ç°µÄ¼¼Êõ¡¢³öÉ«µÄ¹ÜÀíºÍ¶ÀÊ÷Ò»ÖĵIJúÆ·Áìµ¼×ÅÈ«ÇòÐÅÏ¢¹¤ÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬±£Ö¤ÁËÊÀ½ç·¶Î§ÄÚ¼¸ºõËùÓÐÐÐÒµÓû§¶ÔÐÅÏ¢´¦ÀíµÄÈ«·½Î»ÐèÇó¡£ÖÚËùÖÜÖª£¬ÔçÔÚ1969Ä꣬°¢²¨ÂÞÓîÖæ·É´¬ÔØ×ÅÈýÃûÓԱ£¬¼ç¸º×ÅÈËÀàµÄʹÃü£¬Ê״εÇÉÏÁËÔÂÇò£»1981Äê¸çÂ×±ÈÑǺź½Ìì·É»úÓֳɹ¦µØ·ÉÉÏÁËÌ«¿Õ¡£ÕâÁ½´ÎÀúÊ·ÐÔµÄÌ«¿Õ·ÉÐж¼Äý¾Û×ÅIBMÎÞÓëÂױȵÄÖǻۡ£
IBM ÓëÖйúµÄÒµÎñ¹ØÏµÔ´Ô¶Á÷³¤¡£ÔçÔÚ1934Ä꣬IBM¹«Ë¾¾ÍΪ±±¾©ÐºÍÒ½Ôº°²×° Á˵Úһ̨ÉÌÓô¦Àí»ú¡£1979Ä꣬ÔÚÖжÏÁªÏµ½ü30ÄêÖ®ºó£¬IBM°éËæ×ÅÖйúµÄ¸Ä¸ï¿ª·ÅÔÙ´ÎÀ´µ½Öйú¡£Í¬ÄêÔÚÉòÑô¹Ä·ç»ú³§°²×°ÁËÖлªÈËÃñ¹²ºÍ¹ú³ÉÁ¢ºóµÄµÚһ̨IBMÖÐÐͼÆËã»ú¡£
Ëæ×ÅÖйú¸Ä¸ï¿ª·ÅµÄ²»¶ÏÉîÈ룬IBMÔÚ»ªÒµÎñÈÕÒæÀ©´ó¡£80Äê´úÖкóÆÚ£¬IBMÏȺó ÔÚ±±¾©¡¢ÉϺ£ÉèÁ¢Á˰ìÊ´¦¡£1992ÄêIBMÔÚ±±¾©ÕýʽÐû²¼³ÉÁ¢¹ú¼ÊÉÌÒµ»úÆ÷ÖйúÓÐÏÞ¹« ˾£¬ÕâÊÇIBMÔÚÖйúµÄ¶À×ÊÆóÒµ¡£´Ë¾ÙʹIBMÔÚʵʩÆäÔÚ»ªÕ½ÂÔÖÐÂõ³öÁËʵÖÊÐÔµÄÒ»²½£¬ÏÆ¿ªÁËÔÚ»ªÒµÎñµÄÐÂÆªÕ¡£ËæºóµÄ1993Ä꣬IBMÖйúÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾ÓÖÔÚ¹ãÖݺÍÉϺ£½¨Á¢ÁË·Ö¹«Ë¾¡£µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬IBMÔÚÖйúµÄ·Ö¹«Ë¾ÒѾÀ©Õ¹ÖÁÉòÑô¡¢ÉîÛÚ¡¢ÄϾ©¡¢³É¶¼¡¢Î÷°²ºÍÎä ºº£¬ÒÔ¼°½¨Á¢¸£ÖݺÍÖØÇì°ìÊ´¦£¬´Ó¶ø½øÒ»²½À©´óÁËÔÚ»ªÒµÎñ¸²¸ÇÃæ¡£°éËæ×ÅIBMÔÚÖйúµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬IBMÖйúÔ±¹¤¶ÓÎé²»¶Ï׳´ó£¬Ä¿Ç°ÒÑ·¢Õ¹µ½½ü3000ÈË¡£
ÔÚÐÅÏ¢²úҵѸËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬¼¤ÁÒ¾ºÕùµÄʱ´ú£¬ÎªÁ˽øÒ»²½·¢»ÓIBMµÄÈ«·½Î»ÓÅÊÆ£¬½«ÐŠϢ²úÒµµÄ×îм¼Êõ¾¡¿ìµØ×ª»¯ÎªÖйúÓû§ÓмÛÖµµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸£¬°ïÖúÓû§¸üÓгÉЧµØ¿ªÕ¹ÒµÎñ£¬ÔöÇ¿¾ºÕùÓÅÊÆ£¬IBMÔÚ×éÖ¯»ú¹¹¡¢¹ÜÀíģʽ¡¢²úÆ·¼¼Êõ¼°¿Í»§·þÎñµÈ¸÷·½Ãæ½øÐÐÁËÖØ´óµ÷ÕûÓë¸Ä¸ï¡£³ÉÁ¢ÁËIBM´óÖлªµØÇø£»¸Ä±äÁËÒÔ²úÆ·»®·ÖΪ»ù´¡µÄ´«Í³Ä£Ê½£¬ÊµÊ©ÒÔÐÐÒµ»®·ÖΪ»ù´¡µÄ·¢Õ¹Õ½ÂÔ£»ÔÚÖйúµÄ¼¸Ê®¸ö³ÇÊн¨Á¢Á˿ͻ§·þÎñÖÐÐÄÍøÂ磬µÈµÈ¡£
¶þÊ®¶àÄêÀ´£¬IBMµÄ¸÷ÀàÐÅϢϵͳÒѳÉΪÖйú½ðÈÚ¡¢Ò±½ð¡¢Ê¯»¯¡¢½»Í¨¡¢ÖÆÔìÒµ¡¢ÉÌÆ·Á÷ͨҵµÈÐí¶àÖØÒªÒµÎñÁìÓòÖÐ×î¿É¿¿µÄÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõÊֶΡ£IBMµÄ¿Í»§±é¼°Öйú¾¼ÃµÄ¸÷ÌõÕ½Ïß¡£
ÒÔÊÀ½çÒ»Á÷µÄ×îм¼Êõ¿ª·¢Ð²úÆ·£¬²¢ÒÔ×î¿ìµÄÉú²úËٶȽøÈëÊг¡£¬ÊÇIBMµÄ²úÆ· ·¢Õ¹Õ½ÂÔ¡£IBMÓµÓÐÏȽøµÄȫϵÁвúÆ·£¬ÔÚ¸´ÔÓµÄÍøÂç¹ÜÀí¡¢ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀí¡¢Ãܼ¯ÐÍÊÂÎï´¦ Àí¡¢ÅÓ´óÊý¾Ý¿â¡¢Ç¿´óµÄ¿ÉÉìËõ·þÎñÆ÷¡¢ÏµÍ³¼¯³ÉµÈ·½Ã棬IBM¾ßÓÐÇ¿´óµÄÓÅÊÆ¡£
Õë¶ÔÖйúÊг¡µÄÌØÊâÐèÇó£¬IBM½üÄêÀ´¼ÓÇ¿Á˺º»¯Èí¼þµÄ¿ª·¢£¬²¢ÔÚÉϺ£³ÉÁ¢Á˺º »¯Èí¼þ¿ª·¢ÖÐÐÄ£¬ÒÔ±ã¼ÓÇ¿Óë¸ü¶àµÄÖйúÒµÎñ»ï°éÁªÊÖºÏ×÷£¬ÍƳö¸ü¶àµÄºº»¯Èí¼þ²úÆ·¡£1995ÄêIBMÔÚ±±¾©³ÉÁ¢ÁËIBMÖйúÑо¿ÖÐÐÄ¡£Õâ¸öÑо¿ÖÐÐÄÊÇIBMÔÚÈ«ÇòµÚÆß¸ö¿ÆÑ§ÊµÑéÊÒ£¬³ÉÁ¢ÒÔÀ´£¬ÔÚÖÐÎÄÓïÒôʶ±ð¡¢»úÆ÷·ÒëºÍµç×ÓÉÌÎñµÈÁìÓò¾ùÈ¡µÃÁËÖØÒªµÄÑо¿³É¹û¡£
ÔÚʵʩÔú¸ùÖйúµÄÕ½ÂÔÖУ¬IBMŬÁ¦³ÉΪÖйú×ÊÔ´µÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£Ä¿Ç°£¬IBMÒÑÔÚÖйú ³ÉÁ¢Á˾żҺÏ×ʹ«Ë¾£¬°üÀ¨£º³¤³Ç¹ú¼ÊÐÅÏ¢²úÆ·(ÉîÛÚ)ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾£¬ÉîÛÚ³¤¿Æ¹ú¼Êµç×ÓÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¡¢ÉîÛÚº£Á¿´æ´¢²úÆ·ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¡¢±±¾©¶¦ÐÂÐÅϢϵͳ¿ª·¢ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¡¢Ìì½òÏȽøÐÅÏ¢²úÆ·ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¡¢Íò¹úÈí¼þ¿ª·¢(ÉîÛÚ)ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¡¢À¶É«¿ì³µ¼ÆËã»ú¹¤³Ì¼¼ÊõÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¡¢IBM×âÁÞ ¹«Ë¾ºÍ±±¾©½ð³¤¿Æ¹ú¼Êµç×ÓÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¡£ÁíÍ⣬IBMÔÚÖйú»¹³ÉÁ¢ÁËÁ½¼Ò¶À×ÊÆóÒµ£¬·Ö±ðÊÇ Î»ÓÚÉϺ£ÆÖ¶«Íâ¸ßÇű£Ë°ÇøµÄ¹ú¼ÊÉÌÒµ»úÆ÷¹¤³Ì¼¼Êõ(ÉϺ£)ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾ºÍÉîÛÚ¹ú¼ÊÉÌÒµ»úÆ÷ ¼¼Êõ²úÆ·ÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾¡£
½üÄêÀ´£¬IBMµÄ¹ú¼Ê²É¹ºÒµÎñÔÚÖйú»ñµÃÁ˼«´óµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£´Ó1993ÄêµÄ3000ÍòÃÀÔªÔö³¤ÖÁ2000ÄêµÄ20ÒÚÃÀÔªÒÔÉÏ¡£IBMÔÚÖйúµÄ²É¹º·¶Î§¼«Îª¹ã·º£¬°üÀ¨×é³É¼ÆËã»úµÄ¸÷ÖÖ ´óСÁã¼þ£¬ÈçµçÔ´¡¢ÏÔʾÆ÷¡¢Îå½ð²¿¼þ¡¢×¢Ëܼþ¼°¸÷Àà°å¿¨µÈ¡£IBMÑÇÌ«Çø¹ú¼Ê²É¹º²¿»¹ÔÚÉîÛÚÉèÁ¢ÁËÖйú²É¹ºÖÐÐÄ(CPC)¡£
È¡ÖîÉç»á£¬»ØÀ¡Éç»á£¬Ô츣ÈËÀ࣬ÊÇ IBM Ò»¹á·îÐеÄÔÔò¡£×Ô80Äê´úÒÔÀ´£¬IBM »ý¼«¾èÖúÖйúµÄ¹«ÒæÊÂÒµ£¬ÌرðÊÇÖйú½ÌÓýÊÂÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£1995Äê³õ£¬IBMÏòÖйú¹ú¼Ò½Ìί ¾èÔùÁ˼ÛÖµ210ÍòÃÀÔªµÄÒ»Ì×Ö÷»úϵͳ£¬ÓÃÓÚÖ§³ÖÖйú½ÌÓýºÍ¿ÆÑÐÍøÖ÷¸ÉÍø½¨É衣ͬÄê3 Ô£¬IBMÓÖÓë¹ú¼Ò½ÌίǩÊðÁËÁ½ⱸÍü¼¡£×÷ΪÆäÖÐÒ»ÏîÄÚÈÝ£¬IBMÏòÈ«¹ú23Ëù´óѧ¾èÔù ÁËÏ൱ÓÚ3220ÍòÃÀÔªµÄ¼ÆËã»úÉ豸ÒÔ¼°ÏàÓ¦µÄ¼¼ÊõÖ§³Ö, ¹²½¨IBM¼ÆËã»ú¼¼ÊõÖÐÐÄ£¬¼ÓÇ¿¸ßЧµÄÐÅÏ¢¿ÆÑ§¼¼Êõѧ¿Æ½¨Éè¡£ÖÁ1996Äê5Ô£¬°üÀ¨ÏÃÃÅ´óѧÔÚÄÚµÄËùÓм¼ÊõÖÐÐÄÈ«²¿Âä ³É¡£1997Ä꣬IBMÓÖÏò¹ú¼Ò½ÌίËùÊôµÄ4Ëù´óѧ(±±¾©´óѧ¡¢¸´µ©´óѧ¡¢»ªÖÐÀí¹¤´óѧºÍ»ª ÄÏÀí¹¤´óѧ)¾èÔùS/390´óÐÍ·þÎñÉ豸ÒÔ¼°Èí¼þ¡¢ÅàѵºÍ·þÎñ£¬×ÜÖµ³¬¹ý3200ÍòÃÀÔª¡£µ½Ä¿ ǰΪֹ£¬IBMÀۼƶÔÖйú½ÌÓýµÄ¾èÔùÒѳ¬¹ý1ÒÚÃÀÔª¡£
IBMÓÚ1998ÄêÐû²¼½«µç×ÓÉÌÎñ×÷Ϊ½ñºóÔÚ»ªÒµÎñµÄÖØµã¡£¶ø2001Äê¶ÔIBMÀ´Ëµ£¬ÊÇ ÔÚ»ªÍÆÐеç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄ¹Ø¼üÒ»Äê¡£Ëæ×ÅÐÂÊÀ¼ÍµÄÀ´ÁÙ£¬Õ¹ÍûδÀ´£¬IBM½«ÒÔµç×ÓÉÌÎñΪж¯Á¦£¬ºÍÖйúµÄ¾¼ÃÒ»Æð·¢Õ¹£¬ÎªÖйúµÄÐÅÏ¢²úÒµ½ø²½×÷³öÐµĹ±Ïס£
| ˶¥ÁËÕâÆªÈÕÖ¾>> »¹ÓÐ˶ԸÃÈÕ־ͶƱ? | ×î½ü¶ÁÕß>> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Ŷ¡«ÕâÑù°¡£®